Investigation of behavioral disorders (aggression) among healthy and infected intestinal parasites children attending kindergarten in Sari City, North of Iran
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: The article explores the development of aggression in children in kindergartens in Sari City, examining the influence of psychological, social, biological, and environmental factors, including intestinal parasite infection, which can lead to neuropathic disorders, behavior, anemia, and malnutrition.
Methods: Between 2015 and 2016, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 kindergarten children in Sari City, with 47 suffering from intestinal parasites and 53 suffering from the disease. Data was collected using grade tests and questionnaire sheets, using cluster sampling.
Results: The study revealed that 24% of 24 children in kindergartens were aggressive, with 12 infected and 12 uninfected. There was no significant difference between children infected or uninfected, and no significant relationship was found between aggression rates in boys and girls.
Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that, despite the significant relationship between aggression and intestinal parasite infection, the risk of exposure to aggression is higher in infected children, and the results represent that many factors should be studied about children’s aggression simultaneously.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Giles LL , Martini DR .Acad Pediatr. Challenges and Promises of Pediatric Psychopharmacology. 2016, 5 (16): 30099-7.
Schwartz JA, Beaver KM, Barnes JC. The association between mental health and violence among a nationally Representative Sample of College Students from the United States. PLoS One. 2015, 7;10(10):e0138914.
Steketee RW. Pregnancy, nutrition, and parasitic diseases. J Nutr. 2003;133(5 Suppl 2):1661S-1667S.
Liu C , Luo R, Yi H , Zhang L , Li S , Bai Y , Medina A , Rozelle S , Smith S , Wang G , Wang J . Soil-Transmitted Helminths in Southwestern China: A Cross-Sectional Study of Links to Cognitive Ability, Nutrition, and School Performance among Children. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015, 25;9(6):e0003877.
Neava FA, Brown HW (1995) Basic clinical parasitology. 6th ed. London: Prentice-Hall Incooporation.
Gendrel D, Treluyer JM, Richard-Lenoble D . Parasitic diarrhea in normal and malnourished children. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 200317: 189–198.
Al-Mekhlafi HM , Al-Maktari MT, Jani R, Ahmed A, Anuar TS, Moktar N, Mahdy MA, Lim YA, Mahmud R, Surin J. Burden of Giardia duodenalis infection and its adverse effects on growth of schoolchildren in rural Malaysia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013, 31;7(10):e2516.
Shahim S. Relational Aggression in Preschool Children . IJPCP. 2007, 13 (3) :264-271.
Webster JP , Lamberton PH, Donnelly CA, Torrey EF. Parasites as causative agents of human affective disorders? The impact of anti-psychotic, mood-stabilizer and anti-parasite medication on Toxoplasma gondii's ability to alter host behaviour.Proc Biol Sci. 2006. 22;273(1589):1023-30.
Vahedi Sh, Fathiazar S, Hosseini-Nasab SD, Moghaddam M. Validity and reliability of the aggression scale for preschoolers and assessment of aggression in preschool children in Uromia . Quarterly J Fundament Mental Healt, 2008. 10(37); 15-24.
Nematian J, Gholamrezanezhad A, Nematian E . Giardiasis and other intestinal parasitic infections in relation to anthropometric indicators of malnutrition: a large, population-based survey of schoolchildren in Tehran. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2008.102: 209–214.
Goldestein IB, Shapiro D. Ambulatory blood Pressure in women: family history of hypertension and personality. Psychl Health Med. 2007; 5: 227-40.
Flegr J. Schizophrenia and Toxoplasma gondii: an undervalued association? Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2015, l;13(7):817-20.
Goodwin, T , Pacey K , Grace M . Children: Violence prevention in preschool settings. J Child Adoles Psychiat Nurs , 2003, 16, 52-59.