Evaluation of relation between vitamin D serum level and community acquired pneumonia in children between 1 to 60 months
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Community-acquired pneumonia is the leading cause of hospitalization and death in children under five, particularly in developing countries. Low UV B exposure during winter can decrease serum vitamin D levels, which is a defense factor against microbial agents. This study aims to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and community-acquired pneumonia in children at Motahari Hospital in Urmia, despite the limited number of studies in this field. The findings could help improve the management of pneumonia in children.
Methods: In the present study, 45 children admitted to Motahhari Hospital in Urmia with a diagnosis of pneumonia and 45 children without respiratory symptoms referred to health centers have been performed as evidence.
Results: The mean of vitamin D in the case group was 31.28 ± 24.28 and less than the control group (34.43 ± 25.65), but no statistically significant difference was observed. Vitamin D deficiency is common in both groups. Community-based interventions for vitamin D deficiency appear necessary.
Conclusion: Various studies have shown several effects of vitamin D on health. The results of this study showed that vitamin D deficiency is common in both groups under study and of course in the case group this deficiency is more than it is recommended to take preventive interventions.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Rudan I, Boschi-Pinto C, Biloglav Z, Mulholland K, Campbell H. Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia. Bulletin of the world health organization. 2008;86:408-16B.
Selwyn B. The epidemiology of acute respiratory tract infection in young children: comparison of findings from several developing countries. Reviews of infectious diseases.1990;12(Supplement_8):S870-S88.
Li W, Cheng X, Guo L, Li H, Sun C, Cui X, et al. Association between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentration and pulmonary infection in children. Medicine. 2018;97(1).
Ulteriore Easdu, Terapeutica Ede. Buon Capodanno, Mondo.
Whitney CG, Harper SA. Lower respiratory tract infections: prevention using vaccines. Infectious Disease Clinics. 2004;18(4):899-917.
Spooner V, Barker J, Tulloch S, Lehmann D, Marshall TFdC, Kajoi M, et al. Clinical signs and risk factors associated with pneumonia in children admitted to Goroka Hospital, Papua New Guinea.Journal of tropical pediatrics. 1989;35(6):295-300.
Schanzer DL, Langley JM, Tam TW. Hospitalization attributable to influenza and other viral respiratory illnesses in Canadian children. The Pediatric infectious disease journal. 2006;25(9):795-800.
Cannell J, Vieth R, Umhau J, Holick M, Grant W. Epidemic influenza and vitamin D. Epidemiol Infect. 2006.
Aloia JF, Li-Ng M. RE: Epidemic Influenza and Vitamin D Epidemiology and Infection October 2007, Vol. 135, No. 7, pp. 1095-1098. Epidemiology and infection. 2007;135(7):1095-8.
Mansbach JM, Camargo CA. Bronchiolitis: lingering questions about its definition and the potential role of vitamin D. Pediatrics. 2008;122(1):177-9.
Williams B, Williams AJ, Anderson ST. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in children with tuberculosis. The Pediatric infectious disease journal. 2008;27(10):941-2.
Holick MF. Vitamin D: extraskeletal health. Rheumatic Disease Clinics. 2012;38(1):141-60.
Plum LA, DeLuca HF. Vitamin D, disease and therapeutic opportunities. Nature reviews Drug discovery. 2010;9(12):941.
Bouillon R, Norman AW, Lips P. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(19):1980-1.
Mulligan J, Bleier B, O'connell B, Mulligan R, Wagner C, Schlosser R. Vitamin D3 correlates inversely with systemic dendritic cell numbers and bone erosion in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal
polyps and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis. Clinical & Experimental Immunology. 2011;164(3):312-20.
Kamen DL, Tangpricha V. Vitamin D and molecular actions on the immune system: modulation of innate and autoimmunity. Journal of molecular medicine. 2010;88(5):441-50.
Roth D, Shah R, Black RE, Baqui A. Vitamin D status and acute lower respiratory infection in early childhood in Sylhet, Bangladesh. Acta Paediatrica. 2010;99(3):389-93.
Esposito S, Lelii M. Vitamin D and respiratory tract infections in childhood. BMC infectious diseases. 2015;15(1):487.
Hashemian H, Heidarzadeh A. Role of vitamin d [25 (OH) D] deficiency in development of pneumonia in children. Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 2017;5(3).
H, Kolbasi, Afshar, Jila. Hannejad Vitamin D and childhood pneumonia. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences. 2014:22(140).17-109.
Oduwole A, Renner J, Disu E, Ibitoye E, Emokpae E. Relationship between vitamin D levels and outcome of pneumonia in children. West African journal of medicine. 2010;29(6).
Jat K, Kaur J, Guglani V. Vitamin D and pneumonia in children: a case control study. J Pulm Med Respir Res. 2016;2(004).
Mamani M, Muceli N, Basir HRG, Vasheghani M, Poorolajal J. Association between serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and community-acquired pneumonia: A case-control study. International journal of general medicine. 2017;10:423.
McNally JD, Leis K, Matheson LA, Karuananyake C, Sankaran K, Rosenberg AM. Vitamin D deficiency in young children with severe acute lower respiratory infection. Pediatric pulmonology. 2009;44(10):981-8.
Wayse V, Yousafzai A, Mogale K, Filteau S. Association of subclinical vitamin D deficiency with severe acute lower respiratory infection in Indian children under 5 y. European journal of clinical nutrition. 2004;58(4):563.
Chowdhury R, Taneja S, Bhandari N, Sinha B, Upadhyay RP, Bhan MK, et al. Vitamin-D deficiency predicts infections in young north Indian children: A secondary data analysis. PloS one. 2017;12(3):e0170509
Spooner V, Barker J, Tulloch S, Lehmann D,. Marshall TFC, Kajoi M, et al.
Clinical Signs and Risk Factors Associated with Pneumonia in Children Admitted to Goroka Hospital, Papua New Guinea. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 1989; 35: 295–300;
Rudan I, Boschi-Pinto C, Biloglav Z, Mulhollandd K, Campbelle H.
Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia. Bulletin of the World Health
Organisation. 2008; 86: 408–416.
Fischer PR, Thacher TD, Pettifor JM Jorde LB, Eccleshall TR, Feldman D.
Vitamin D receptor polymorphism and nutritional rickets in Nigerian children.
J Bone Mineral Research 2000; 15:2206–2210.
Thacher TD, Fischer PR, Petiffor M. Case control study of factors associated
With nutritional rickets in Nigerian children. Journal of Pediatr 1996; 78:206–9.
World Health Organization. Sixth programme report 1992-93: programme
for the control of acute respiratory infections. Geneva WHO Document WHO/ARI/94.33, 1994.
Salimpur R. Rickets in Tehran. Archives Disease of Childhood 1975; 50:63-65
Kreiter SR, Schwartz RP, Kirkman HN, Chaarlton PA, Calikoglu AS, avenport ML. X incomplete. Nutritional rickets in African American breast-fed infants.Journal of Pediatr 2000; 137: 153–7.X
Shaw NJ, Pal BR Vitamin D deficiency in UK Asian families: activating a new concern. Archives Disease of Childhood 2002; 86: 147–9X.
El-Hajj Fuleihan G, Nabulsi M, Choucair M, Salamoun M, Hajj Shahine C, Kizirian A. X. Hypovitaminosis D in healthy schoolchildren. Pediatrics. 2001; 107: E53.
Greer FR. Vitamin D deficiency: it is more than rickets. Journal of Paediatr
; 143: 422–3.
Malabanan A, Veronikis IE,Holick MF. Redfining vitamin D insufficiency.
Lancet 1998; 351: 805–6.
Bischoff-Ferrari HE, Giovannucci E, Willett WC, Dietrich T, Dawson-
Hughes B. Estimation of optimal serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D
for multiple health outcomes. American Journal Clinical Nutrition 2006; 84: 18 –28.
Susan SH. Vitamin D and African Americans. American Society for
Nutrition 2006: 1126–9.
Oginni LM, Sharp CA, Worsfold M, Badru OS, Davie MW. Healing of
rickets after calcium supplementation.Lancet. 1999; 353: 296–7.
Van der Mei IA, Ponsonby AL, Dwyer T, Blizzard L, Simmons R, Taylor BV,
Butzkueven H, Kilpatrick T. Past exposure to sun, skin phenotype, and
risk of multiple sclerosis: case-control study. BMJ 2003; 327: 316X.
Hyppönen E, Laara E, Reunanen A, Jarvelin M, Virtanen SM. Intake of
vitamin D and risk of type 1 diabetes: a birth-cohort study. Lancet 2001; 358:
–03.
Zehinder D, Bland R, Williams MC. extra renal expression of 25-hydroxy D3 -1-alpha hydroxylase. Journal ClinicalEndocrinology Metabolism 2001; 86:
–894.
Vieth R. Vitamin D and its potential health benefits for bone, cancer and other
Conditions. Journal of Environ Nutrition Medicine 2001; 11: 4–18.
Muhe L, Lulseged S, Mason KE, Simoes EAF. Case control study of the role of nutritional rickets in the risk of developing pneumonia in Ethiopian children. Lancet 21; 349: 1801–1804.
Segersten U, Holm PK, Björklund P, Hessman O, Nordgren H, Binderup L,
Akerström G, Hellman P, Westin G. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1alpha-hydroxylase
Expression in breast cancer and use of non-1alpha-hydroxylated vitamin D analogue. Breast Cancer Res. 2005; 7:980–986.
Javadi-Nia Sh, Noorbakhsh S, Izadi A,Shokrollahi MR, Asgarian R, abatabaei A. Vitamin A, D and zinc serum levels in children with and without acute respiratory tract infection in two university hospitals. TUMJ. 2014 March; 71(12):794-9.
Mortazavi A. The effect of administration of oral single dose vitamin D on outcome pediatric pneumonia in Boali hospital of Ardabil. Med J Ardabil Univ. 2004; 10-13.
Pletz MW, Terkamp C, Schumacher U, Rohde G, Schütte H, Welte T, et al. Vitamin D deficiency in community-acquired pneumonia: low levels of 1, 25(OH) 2 D are associated with disease severity. Respir Res. 2014 Apr 27; 15:53.
Wayse V, Yousafzai A, Mogale K, Filteau S. Association of subclinical vitamin D deficiency with severe acute lower respiratory infection in Indian children under 5 y. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004; 58: 563–7.
Karatekin G, Kaya A, Salihog˘lu O, Balci H, Nuhog˘lu A. Association of subclinical vitamin D deficiency in newborns with acute lower respiratory infection and their mothers. Eur J Clin Nutr 2009; 63: 473–7.
Roth DE, Jones AB, Prosser C, Robinson JL, Vohra S. Vitamin D status is not associated with the risk of hospitalization for acute bronchiolitis in early childhood. Eur J Clin Nutr 2009; 63:297–9.
McNally JD, Leis K, Matheson LA, Karuananyake C, Sankaran K, Rosenberg AM. Vitamin D deficiency in young children with severe acute lower respiratory infection. Pediatr Pulmonol 2009; 44: 981–8.
DE Roth, R Shah, RE Black, AH Baqui. Vitamin D status and acute lower respiratory infection in early childhood in Sylhet, Bangladesh. Foundation Acta Pædiatrica/Acta Pædiatrica 2010 99, pp. 389–393.